Head of the Mediterranean Programme, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. European University Institute, Italy.
Oliver Roy (1949) is a Senior Researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (since 1985) and a professor at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (since 2003). He headed the OSCE's Mission for Tajikistan (1993-94) and was a Consultant for the UN Office of the Coordinator for Afghanistan (1988). His field works include Political Islam, Middle East, Islam in the West and comparative religions.
The Prophet (pbuh) said - Five prayers which Allah has made obligatory. Whoever does wudhu properly for them, prays them on time, does ruku properly and has perfect khusyu, it is a promise from Allah that he will be forgiven, but whoever does not do this, has no such promise - if Allah wishes, He will forgive him, and if He wishes, He will punish him. (Abu Dawud)
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